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Energy and the English Industrial Revolution, by E. A. Wrigley
Free PDF Energy and the English Industrial Revolution, by E. A. Wrigley
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The industrial revolution transformed the productive power of societies. It did so by vastly increasing the individual productivity, thus delivering whole populations from poverty. In this new account by one of the world's acknowledged authorities the central issue is not simply how the revolution began but still more why it did not quickly end. The answer lay in the use of a new source of energy. Pre-industrial societies had access only to very limited energy supplies. As long as mechanical energy came principally from human or animal muscle and heat energy from wood, the maximum attainable level of productivity was bound to be low. Exploitation of a new source of energy in the form of coal provided an escape route from the constraints of an organic economy but also brought novel dangers. Since this happened first in England, its experience has a special fascination, though other countries rapidly followed suit.
- Sales Rank: #1327875 in eBooks
- Published on: 2010-08-19
- Released on: 2013-08-20
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"This book has changed the way I see the world. Smart, engaging and beautifully-written, Wrigley's study of the Industrial Revolution casts a fascinating light on current energy questions. If you want to understand how our dependency on fossil fuels began and what we might do to escape it, you must read this book." -George Monbiot
"Here, Tony Wrigley develops the central themes that have characterized his distinctive contribution to the economic transformation of England. There is no better account of the role that the energy revolution played in the escape from the constraints of the Malthusian pre-industrial economy". -Nicholas Crafts, University of Warwick.
"Tony Wrigley is one of the true Grand Men of the economic history profession. In this book he analyzes in depth the role of energy supplies in the emergence of modern economic growth and thus strikes a fascinating and most timely link between economic history and contemporary issues of energy and environment. Energy economics are of central importance to any study of economic change, especially when supported by the breadth of the learning underlying this book." -Joel Mokyr, Northwestern University
"Whether wind or solar power can ever provide the energy needed in an increasingly energy-conscious and insecure world is debatable but this excellent book provides a historical perspective that is either ignored or given little credence in contemporary debates of considerable subtlety and relevance. This is a book not to be ignored." -The Historical Association
"an accessible and comprehensive guide to his interpretation of the industrial revolution. It offers at once a clear and compelling argument for the centrality of energy in the historical rise of industrial societies and an opportunity to meditate on the future sustainability of an economic order founded on fossil fuels." -Jan de Vries, Economic History Review
"an often brilliant and always perceptive presentation of some of the key conclusions from every decade of his half-century of academic research to date." - Michael Anderson, Population Studies
About the Author
Sir Tony Wrigley is a member and co-founder of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure and a former President of the British Academy. His previous publications include Population and History (1969), People, Cities and Wealth (1987), Continuity, Chance and Change (1988), Poverty, Progress, and Population (2004), and, with R. S. Schofield, The Population History of England 1541-1871 (1981).
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Coal Use Relieves Negative Feedbacks
By R. Albin
Apparently written to bring his work and thought before a broad public, this book is a concise and interesting summary of a large body of work and thought from this distinguished economic and demographic historian. The use of coal in industrializing Britain is core of this book. The importance of coal use in the Industrial Revolution is known well and has been commented upon by virtually every historian or economist who has dealt with this topic. Wrigley has a novel and interesting view of this crucial phenomenon. Wrigley contrasts the limited growth potential of an "organic" economy where productivity will be eventually constrained by negative feedbacks due to the limited resource of wood as an energy source with an "inorganic" economy where this energy bottleneck is absent.
In contrast to many other scholars who have focused on how the Industrial Revolution started, Wrigley examines why it didn't sputter out. Wrigley covers a number of interesting aspects of this concept. He points out the significant growth potential of pre-industrial, "Smithian", capitalist growth and discusses interesting ways in which this occurred in England. There are nice dicussions of improvements in agricultural productivity, urbanization, the velocity and volume of trade, and rising consumer demand. All of these interacted in interesting ways to enhance economic growth. But, negative feedbacks due to limited land and limited wood production would eventually have curtailed many of the processes. The employment of coal, both for domestic heating and industrial production, prevented these negative feedbacks from operating. His counter-example is the 17th century Netherlands, where considerable economic modernization occurred but ultimately stagnated.
Simultaneously, coal use stimulated some positive feedbacks of its own. Increasing use of and demand for coal, for example, stimulated improvements in transportation and provided considerable impetus for the development of the great technological innnovation of steam power.
This short book contains quite a bit of interesting analysis. There is good discussion of the relatively long prelude to the Industrial Revolution, English demography, the pessimism of classic economists like Smith and Ricardo, and quite a few other topics.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Magisterial
By toronto
When people use the term "magisterial", this is the kind of book they mean. It is an education in how to use data and statistical analysis to evaluate a variety of simultaneously shifting social dynamics. But what makes this book important is not the rethinking of the Industrial Revolution it provokes, but the profound question it forces on the reader about whether it is possible for a society like ours to live "organically" again in the aftermath of the fossil fuel explosion this book narrates. I came away from reading this book more pessimistic about our prospects than from 50 books I have read on climate change, etc.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A must read for Economists, Environmentalists and Climate Scientists
By Andrew Dobson
This is an incredibly eloquent and well organized view of the demographic changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom. In many ways it is the "missing link" that economists - who hand-wave shamelessly about the demographic transition - need to read. As do environmental and climate scientists who are concerned about energy and climate change.
A masterly piece of scholarship that needs to be read by a broader scientific audience.
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